Arabic letter sign rule

Arabic letters

In arabic there are 29 letters. Arabic is read from right to left. The small dot that is used in some arabic letter is called Nukta.

ا ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن ه و ي ء

Arabic letters shape when connected with other letter

ا اب زات عا لا ٱ

ب بت حبد حتب

ت تب عتد خمت

ث ثت تثس قعث

ج جب بجد بتج

ح حب تحر تنح

خ خب لخم فخ

د دب ودب فد

ذ ذب وذر فذ

ر رب ورم لر

ز زت دزن تز

س سب تسج طبس

ش شب ثشط غثش

ص صت تصظ جعص

ض ضب بضط ثجض

ط طب تطر سبط

ظ ظب تظف فتظ

ع عب بعت تثع

غ غب تغح ثحغ

ف فب تفد تثف

ق قب تقب تثق

ك كب بكت تثك

ل لب بلت تثل

م مب بمت تثم

ن نب بنت تثن

ه هم بهر حه

و وب دوث حو

ي يب تيث سي

ء ءب بءت فء

Arabic sign

Jabor

اَ بَ تَ ثَ

Jer

اِ بِ تِ ثِ

Pes

اُ بُ تُ ثُ

Double Jabor

اً بً تً ثً

Double Jer

اٍ بٍ تٍ ثٍ

Double Pes

اٌ بٌ تٌ ثٌ

Jajom

بِتْ ثُفْ مِن ضَلْ كُم

Tasdid

بَدَّ تِقَّ مُنَّ هُدًۭى لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ تَمِّرَّبِّهِمْ

Madd

الٓمٓ بِمَآ سَوَآءٌ فَلَمَّآ أَضَآءَتْ

khanjar Alif

مَـٰلِكِ عَلَىٰ أَبْصَـٰرِهِمْ غِشَـٰوَ

Arabic letter with sign

ا اَ اِ اُ اً اٍ اٌ

ب بَ بِ بُ بً بٍ بٌ

ت تَ تِ تُ تً تٍ تٌ

ث ثَ ثِ ثُ ثً ثٍ ثٌ

ج جَ جِ جُ جً جٍ جٌ

ح حَ حِ حُ حً حٍ حٌ

خ خَ خِ خُ خً خٍ خٌ

د دَ دِ دُ دً دٍ دٌ

ذ ذَ ذِ ذُ ذً ذٍ ذٌ

ر رَ رِ رُ رً رٍ رٌ

ز زَ زِ زُ زً زٍ زٌ

س سَ سِ سُ سً سٍ سٌ

ش شَ شِ شُ شً شٍ شٌ

ص صَ صِ صُ صً صٍ صٌ

ض ضَ ضِ ضُ ضً ضٍ ضٌ

ط طَ طِ طُ طً طٍ طٌ

ظ ظَ ظِ ظُ ظً ظٍ ظٌ

ع عَ عِ عُ عً عٍ عٌ

غ غَ غِ غُ غً غٍ غٌ

ف فَ فِ فُ فً فٍ فٌ

ق قَ قِ قُ قً قٍ قٌ

ك كَ كِ كُ كً كٍ كٌ

ل لَ لِ لُ لً لٍ لٌ

م مَ مِ مُ مً مٍ مٌ

ن نَ نِ نُ نً نٍ نٌ

ه هَ هِ هُ هً هٍ هٌ

و وَ وِ وُ وً وٍ وٌ

ي يَ يِ يُ يً يٍ يٌ

ء ءَ ءِ ءُ ءً ءٍ ءٌ

Tajwid

Reciting the Quran in the correct manner is called Tajwid.

Nun-sakin

Nun with a Jajom is called Nun-sakin.

كُنْ تَنْ اَنْ بِن مَن

Mim-sakin

Mim with a Jajom is called Mim-sakin.

اَمْ لَمْ طِمْ فُم ثِم

Harkat

Jabor Jer and Pes are called Harkat.

اَ بِ تُ

Tanbin

Double Jabor, double Jer and double Pes are called Tanbin. When pronounced it sounds like it has nun-sakin at the end.

اً بٍ تٌ

Rules of reciting Tanbin and Nun-sakin

1. Idgam
2. Ikhfa
3. Ijhar
4. Iklab

Idgam

There are 6 Idgam letters:

ر ل م ن و ي

If there are any one of the 6 letters of Idgam after Nun-sakin or Tanbin, then reciting by combining that letter with Nun-sakin or Tanbin is called Idgam. Recitation will be as if a Tasdid is added on the Idgam letter after Nun-sakin or Tanbin. Idgam means reciting by connecting one with another.

Example of Idgam:

بِسُورَةٍۢ مِّن ءَايَـٰتٌۭ مُّحْكَمَـٰتٌ وَمَن يَكْفُرْ

Idgam is of two types:

1. Idgam with Gunnah
2. Idgam without Gunnah

Idgam with Gunnah

After Nun-sakin or Tanbin if there is any one of these 4 letter:

م ن و ي

then reciting by combining that letter with Nun-sakin or Tanbin and prolonging the recitation for 1 Alif is called Idgam with Gunnah.

Example of Idgam with Gunnah:

كَثِيرًۭا وَيَهْدِى شَىْءٍۢ مِّنْهُ شَفَـٰعَةٌۭ وَلَا أَن نُّبَدِّلَ مَن يَقُولُ

Idgam without Gunnah

After Nun-sakin or Tanbin if there is any one of these 2 letter:

ر ل

then reciting by combining that letter with Nun-sakin or Tanbin and without prolonging the recitation for 1 Alif is called Idgam without Gunnah.

Example of Idgam without Gunnah:

مُصَدِّقًۭا لِّمَا ظُلُمَـٰتٍۢ لَّا خَيْرٌۭ لَّكُمْ مِن رَّبِّهِمْ

A few exception of Idgam

صِنْوَ دُنْيَا

In the example above after Nun-sakin there is Idgam letter 'و' and 'ي' but Idgam rule will not be applied here. Because the Idgam rule is there to make the pronunciation easy and comfortable to hear. But if we apply the Idgam rule here and connect the letter together, it will be pronounced strangely and sound unusual.

Ikhfa

There are 15 Ikhfa letters:

ت ث ج د ذ ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ف ق ك

After Nun-sakin or Tanbin if there is any one of the 15 Ikhfa letter then reciting that Nun-sakin or Tanbin hiddenly as 'ng' and prolonging it for 1 Alif is called Ikhfa.

Example of Ikhfa in Nun-sakin:

اِنجِيل أَنتَ وَ ٱلْمُنفِقِينَ مُنذِرِين

Example of Ikhfa in Tanbin:

لَيْلَةًۭ ثُمَّ نَّفْسٍۢ شَيْـًۭٔا عُمْىٌۭ فَهُمْ

Ijhar

There are 6 Ijhar letters:

ح خ ع غ ه ء

After Nun-sakin or Tanbin if there is any one of the 6 Ijhar letter then reciting that Nun-sakin or Tanbin normally without doing any Idgam or Ikhfa or gunnah is called Ijhar. Ijhar means reciting clearly.

Example of Ijhar:

حَمِيمٌ حَمِيمًۭا مَنْ أَدْبَرَ مِنْهُمْ عَزِيْزٌ عَلَيْهِ

Iklab

There are only 1 Iklab letter:

ب

After Nun-sakin or Tanbin if there is the Iklab letter 'ب' then reciting by replacing that Nun-sakin or Tanbin with 'م' and prolonging the recitation for 1 alif is called Iklab. Iklab means reciting by replacing.

Example of Iklab:

ذُرِّيَّةًۢ بَعْضُهَا شِقَاقٍۭ بَعِيدٍۢ أَلِيمٌۢ بِمَا مِنۢ بَيْنِ

Rules of reciting Mim-sakin

1. Idgam
2. Ikhfa
3. Ijhar

Idgam

After Mim-sakin if there is a 'م' with Harkat then reciting by connecting them together and prolonging the recitation for 1 alif is called Idgam.

Example of Idgam:

قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌۭ ءَاذَانِهِم مِّنَ كُم مِّن

Ikhfa

After Mim-sakin if there is 'ب' then reciting by prolonging that Mim-sakin for 1 alif is called Ikhfa.

Example of Ikhfa:

وَمَا هُم بِمُؤْمِنِينَ كُم بِهِ نَهُم بِمَا

Ijhar

After Mim-sakin if there is any letter except 'ب' and 'م' then reciting that Mim-sakin normally without any Idgam or Ikhfa is called Ijhar.

Example of Ijhar:

هُمْ يُوقِنُونَ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَعَلَىٰ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ

Qalqalah

There are 5 Qalqalah letters:

ب ج د ط ق

If there is a Jajom on top of any of the 5 qalqalah letter then reciting that letter with a little echoing sound is called Qalqalah.

Example of Qalqalah:

سَبْعَ سُبْحَـٰنَكَ تَجْزِى عَدْنَا أَفَتَطْمَعُونَ رُزِقْنَا

Other Symbols

ذَٰلِكَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبُ لَا رَيْبَ ۛ فِيهِ ۛ هُدًۭى لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ

فَإِنْ ءَامَنُوا۟ بِمِثْلِ مَآ ءَامَنتُم بِهِۦ فَقَدِ ٱهْتَدَوا۟ ۖ وَّإِن تَوَلَّوْا۟ فَإِنَّمَا هُمْ فِى شِقَاقٍۢ ۖ فَسَيَكْفِيكَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ ۚ وَهُوَ ٱلسَّمِيعُ ٱلْعَلِيمُۢ

كَلَّا ۖ بَلْ ۜ رَانَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِم مَّا كَانُوا۟ يَكْسِبُونَ

وَلَن يَتَمَنَّوْهُ أَبَدًۢا بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌۢ بِٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ

أَمْ لَكُمْ أَيْمَـٰنٌ عَلَيْنَا بَـٰلِغَةٌ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ ٱلْقِيَـٰمَةِ ۙ إِنَّ لَكُمْ لَمَا تَحْكُمُونَ

كَتَبَ ٱللَّهُ لَأَغْلِبَنَّ أَنَا۠ وَرُسُلِىٓ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ قَوِىٌّ عَزِيزٌۭ

إِنَّمَا يَسْتَجِيبُ ٱلَّذِينَ يَسْمَعُونَ ۘ وَٱلْمَوْتَىٰ يَبْعَثُهُمُ ٱللَّهُ ثُمَّ إِلَيْهِ يُرْجَعُونَ

وَإِنَّهُۥ لِحُبِّ ٱلْخَيْرِ لَشَدِيدٌ

Arabic Numbers

There are 10 arabic numbers. Arabic number is read from left to right.

٩ ٨ ٧ ٦ ٥ ٤ ٣ ٢ ١ ٠

(صِفْر) 0 = ٠
(وَاحِد) 1 = ١
(اِتْنِين) 2 = ٢
(تَلَاتَه) 3 = ٣
(اَرْبَعَه) 4 = ٤
(خَمْسَه) 5 = ٥
(سِتَّه) 6 = ٦
(سَبْعَه) 7 = ٧
(تَمَانْيَه) 8 = ٨
(تِسْعَه) 9 = ٩

98 = ٩٨
37 = ٣٧
53 = ٥٣
72 = ٧٢
48 = ٤٨
104 = ١٠٤
268 = ٢٦٨
149 = ١٤٩
378 = ٣٧٨
456 = ٤٥٦